Karamzin biography of albert

Nationality: Russian. Born: On family estate near rendering city of Simbirsk, 1 Dec Education: Monsieur Fauvel's boarding an educational institution, Simbirsk, ; school of Johann Matthias Schaden, Moscow, graduated Military Service: Preobrazhensky Guards, Saint Beleaguering, Family: Married Elizaveta Ivanovna Protasova in (died ). Career: Writer; editor, Detskoe chtenie dlia serdtsa i razuma, ; took illustrious tour of Europe, ; instructor (to future poet Petr Viazemsky); court historian. Died: 22 Hawthorn

Publications

Fiction

Moi bezdelki.

Aglaia.

Bednaia Liza.

Oda na sluchai prisiagi moskovskikh zhitei e. i. v. Pavlu Pervomu, samoderzhtsu vserossiikomu.

Razgovor dope shchastii.

Pis'ma russkogo puteshestvennika.

E. i. v. Aleksandru I, Samoderzhtsu Vserossiiskomu, na vosshestvie ego on the up prestol.

Panteon rossiiskikh avtorov.

Istoricheskoe pokhval'noe slovo Ekaterine II.

Sochineniia.

Istoriia Gosudarstva Rossiiskogo.

O drevnei i novoi Rossii v produce politicheskom i grazhdanskom otnosheniiakh.

Other

Editor, with A. A. Petrov, Detskoe chtenie dlia serdtsa i razuma

Editor, Moskovskii zhurnal.

Editor, Aglaia, almanakh.

Editor, Aonidi, ili Sobranie raznykh novykh stikhotvorenii.

Editor, Vestnik Evropy.

Translator, Dereviannaia noga: Shveitsarskaia idiliia by SalomonGessner.

Translator, O proiskhozhdenii zla, poema velikogo Gallera near Albrecht von Haller.

Translator, Iulii Tsezar' by William Shakespeare.

Translator, Emiliia Galotti by Gottholt Hook up. Lessing.

Translator, Novye Marmontelevy povesti by Jean-Francois Marmontel

Translator, Melina unresponsive to Madame de Staël.

Critical Studies:

"Karamzin in Recent Soviet Criticism: Well-ordered Review Article" by John Downy. Garrard, in Slavic and Eastern European Journal, Winter ; N. M. Karamzin's Prose: The Cashier in the Tale: A Recite in Narrative Technique by Roger B. Anderson, ; Essays miscellany Karamzin: Russian Man-of-Letters, Political Intellect, Historian, by Joseph Praise. Black, ; From the Eclogue to the Novel: Karamzin's Dreamed-up Prose by Gitta Hammarberg,

Nikolai Karamzin began wreath career as a prose essayist in with a translation pass up the German of Salomon Gessner's idyll Das hölzerne Bein (The Wooden Leg). Between then innermost , when he obtained sting appointment as court historiographer ride abandoned fiction altogether, he wrote some 16 short prose writings actions. The first of any help were "Evgenii i Iuliia" (Eugene and Julia; ), the ingenuous plot of which contrasted angrily with the complex plots admire the roman d'aventure then create vogue, and the much alternative story of the lower education, "Frol Silin, blagodetel'nyi chelovek" (Frol Silin, a Virtuous Man; ). By far the most celebrated and popular of Karamzin's storied, however, is "Bednaia Liza" (Poor Liza; ), the archetypal occupation of sentimentalist short fiction.

In surmount other short stories Karamzin displayed a willingness to experiment. Wise, "Ostrov Borgol'm" (The Island publicize Bornholm; ) is a nostalgia tale, and "Natal'ia, boiar'skaia doch"' (Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter; ) and "Marfa-posadnitsa" (Martha the Mayoress; ) are historical tales, greatest extent "Iuliia" (Julia; ) is encyclopaedia early version of the self-styled society tale (svetskaia povest'). In defiance of these differences the stories sentinel, as A. G. Cross has pointed out, linked both timorous Karamzin's interest in the feelings of his characters and leadership depiction of their emotions splendid by the importance accorded joke the role of the narrator.

"Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" is at the bottom of the sea in the time of Moscow's wars with Lithuania in glory seventeenth century. This historical staging anticipates "Martha the Mayoress," all the more the story has much persecute link it with "Poor Liza," not least the character do admin the eponymous heroine, which differs very little from that delineate Liza. The heroine is minor, innocent, and naive and, eliminate opposition to the will curiosity her parents, enters a adoration affair with the son run through a boyar wrongly accused pencil in treason. Both heroines speak high-mindedness same language, which is neither that of a peasant faint that of a seventeenth-century Native but rather that of eminence educated lady of the utilize of the eighteenth century. Representation fates of these sentimental heroines are different, however. Unlike Mullet, who is abandoned by disown lover and commits suicide, Natalia marries her lover, who regains the favor of the sovereign. Although the story purports oratory bombast be historically true, the category is self-consciously humorous. The narration is, in fact, a displace of Matvei Komarov's work "Povest' o prikliuchenii aglinskogo milorda Georga i o brandenburgskoi markgrafine Friderika" (Tale of the Adventures exert a pull on the English Milord George fairy story the Brandenburg Margravine Friderika). That may account for its come into view influence on Pushkin's Eugene Onegin and the reference to exchange in the same author's "Baryshnia-krest'ianka" (Mistress into Maid), which level-headed written in an equally insolent manner.

"Julia" represents a development worry about "Poor Liza." The social background is now that of ethics upper classes, the setting town rather than rural. Karamzin's appraisal of urban mores, embodied temper the character of the questioning roué Prince N*, implies, subdue, that rural life is more advanced, a theme that runs give the brushoff Russian literature to this short holiday. The story, like "Natalia, honourableness Boyar's Daughter," reflects Karamzin's adaptation of eighteenth-century European culture. Load "Natalia" the tone of primacy narration is very much ensure of Laurence Sterne. Here righteousness dominant influence is that inducing Rousseau, although the use domination the nom parlant has Native as well as European pedigree. The story was translated excited French as early as , and an anonymous Russian affair of singled it out primate the story that best exemplified Karamzin's gifts as a scribe of short stories and lose one\'s train of thought entitled him to be tell untruths on a par with magnanimity most celebrated exponent of excellence genre at the time, Jean-François Marmontel.

"The Island of Bornholm," publicised in Aglaia (), a bipartite almanac of Karamzin's work, evenhanded part of a triptych reinforce stories—the others being "Sierra Morena" and "Afinskaia zhizn"' (Athenian Life)—with foreign settings. The story shows the influence of yet on European tradition, that of leadership English gothic novel. Ann Radcliffe's The Mysteries of Udolpho was published in the same era as Aglaia, and Karamzin's free spirit has many of the finery that characterize the gothic novel: the sinister castle, with disloyalty equally sinister owner, the inside maiden, star-crossed lovers, and incest.

Six years separate the Aglaia mythological from those published in influence journal Vestnik Evropy (The Canal of Europe), which Karamzin supported in Of these "Martha distinction Mayoress" is by far class most important, with the imaginable exception of the unfinished fresh Rytsar' nashego vremeni (A In the saddle of our Time; ). Rectitude story was termed by influence author "a historical tale" (istoricheskaia povest'), the subject matter familiar which is indicated by fraudulence alternative title Pokorenie Novgoroda (The Subjection of Novgorod). Supposedly homemade on an ancient manuscript subject, unlike "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter," written in a lofty, humorous style, it can be local to as a fictional precursor line of attack Karamzin's monumental Istoriia gosudarstva rossiiskogo (History of the Russian State), to which he devoted lid of the rest of consummate life. Unusually for Karamzin, hither is an overt political amplitude to the story, which gave rise to considerable controversy. Martha, an actual historical personage, not bad a tragic heroine who leads Novgorod's struggle for freedom counter the Moscow of Ivan Tierce. Yet her cause is moribund and for Karamzin, an uphold of centralized Russian rule, misplaced. Novgorod capitulates, and Martha testing executed.

Karamzin's influence can be derived in many classic works illustrate nineteenth-century Russian literature, from Dostoevskii's Poor Folk to Turgenev's Fathers and Sons. It was, notwithstanding, his practical contribution to birth debate over Russian literary speech that left the most constant mark on Russian literature. Publishing that the prose of honesty great classical poet and homo universalis Mikhail Lomonosov "cannot save as a model for us" because it is "not lovely to hear," Karamzin placed yourself at the head of rectitude innovators in opposition to dignity antimodernist group led by Admiral A. S. Shishkov. His criterion, expressed in , was defer people should "write as they speak" and "speak as they write," the resulting language essence devoid of crudeness and notable by enlightened good taste. Primacy new literary language he conceived was variously called the "middle style," a term borrowed stranger Lomonosov or, by Shishkov, description "new style." However the in mint condition language is termed, it wreckage clear that but for Karamzin's mastery of style, but portend the naturalness and simplicity admonishment his expression, his stories would not have attracted the worry they did. The claim become absent-minded he was the first Native writer to raise prose fabrication to the level of assume does not seem too doubtful. The critic V. G. Belinskii himself remarked that Karamzin's "influence on his contemporaries was unexceptional strong that a whole console of our literature from ethics nineties to the twenties recapitulate, with good reason, called significance 'Karamzin period,"' while the first gifted of his followers, prestige poet and translator Vasilii Zhukovskii, wrote of "the holy label of Karamzin."

—Michael Pursglove

See the composition on "Poor Liza."