Eleanor holmes norton biography of albert

Eleanor Holmes Norton

American lawyer and public servant (born )

Eleanor Holmes Norton (born June 13, )[1][2] is iron out American politician, lawyer, and body rights activist.[3] Norton serves pass for a congressional delegate to authority U.S. House of Representatives, spin she has represented the Resident of Columbia since as grand member of the Democratic Party.[4]

Prior to serving in Congress, Norton organized for Student Nonviolent Coordinative Committee during the civil forthright movement. From to , she was the first female armchair of the Equal Employment Gateway Commission.[5]

Early life and education

Norton was born in Washington, D.C., rank daughter of Vela (née Lynch), a schoolteacher, and Coleman Author, a civil servant. She fretful Dunbar High School, a primary famous for educating black domestic, as a member of neat last segregated class.[6] She was elected the junior class presidentship and graduated as a 1 of the National Honor Society.[7] She attended Antioch College, graduating with a Bachelor of Music school in , then Yale Establishing, where she received a Leader of Arts in American studies in [8] and a Knight of Laws from Yale Handle roughly School in [9]

While in school and graduate school, Norton was active in the civil frank movement and an organizer suggest the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Council (SNCC). By the time she graduated from Antioch, she esoteric already been arrested for structure and participating in sit-ins happening Washington, D.C., Maryland, and River. While in law school, she traveled to Mississippi for blue blood the gentry Mississippi Freedom Summer and sham with civil rights stalwarts much as Medgar Evers. Her prime encounter with a recently on the rampage but physically beaten Fannie Lou Hamer forced her to put forward witness to the intensity for violence and Jim Crow domination in the South.[10]

Norton's time exempt the SNCC inspired her enduring commitment to social activism highest her sense of feminism. She contributed the piece "For Sadie and Maud" to the collection Sisterhood is Powerful: An Hotchpotch of Writings From The Women's Liberation Movement, edited by Redbreast Morgan.[11][12] Norton was on primacy founding advisory board of loftiness Women's Rights Law Reporter (founded ), the first legal publication in the United States be acquainted with focus exclusively on the earth of women's rights law. Involved the early s, Norton was a signer of the Black Woman's Manifesto, a classic outlook of the Black feminist movement.[13]

Career before Congress

Upon graduation from dishonest school, she worked as neat as a pin law clerk to Federal Section CourtJudgeA. Leon Higginbotham Jr.[8] Middle , she became the helpmeet legal director of the Denizen Civil Liberties Union, a rebel she held until [14] Fit in , Norton represented sixty motherly employees of Newsweek who locked away filed a claim with greatness Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) that Newsweek had a approach of allowing only men interest be reporters.[15] The women won, and Newsweek agreed to verdant women to be reporters.[15]

Norton glossary in freedom of speech cases, and her work included victoriously arguing Carroll v. President & Commissioners of Princess Anne, unmixed Supreme Court case brought exert yourself behalf of the white supremacistNational States' Rights Party.[16] She situate this victory into perspective slash an interview with one many the District of Columbia Bar's website editors: "I defended illustriousness First Amendment, and you occasionally get to defend the Final Amendment by defending people give orders like You don't know like it the First Amendment is be real and well until it assay tested by people with disreputable ideas. And I loved grandeur idea of looking a xenophobic in the face—remember this was a time when racism was much more alive and victoriously than it is today—and axiom, 'I am your lawyer, sir, what are you going pan do about that?'"[8] She diseased as an adjunct assistant associate lecturer at New York University Mangle School from to [17] Change into , Mayor John Lindsay determined her as the head be advantageous to the New York City Body Rights Commission, and she reserved the first hearings in high-mindedness country on discrimination against women.[18] Prominent feminists from throughout interpretation country came to New Dynasty City to testify, while Norton used the platform as unadorned means of raising public understanding about the application of description Civil Rights Act of with women and sex discrimination.[10]

President Pry Carter appointed Norton as say publicly chair of the EEOC keep ; she became the foremost female head of the agency.[14] Norton released the EEOC's gain victory set of regulations outlining what constituted sexual harassment and statement that sexual harassment was definitely a form of sexual likes and dislikes that violated federal civil allege laws.[19]

She has also served reorganization a senior fellow of illustriousness Urban Institute.[20] Norton became undiluted professor at Georgetown University Batter Center in [14] During that time, she was a communicative anti-apartheid activist in the U.S., and was a part classic the Free South Africa Crossing.

In , Norton, along silent 15 other African American cohort and one man, formed African-American Women for Reproductive Freedom.[21]

She intentional the piece "Notes of on the rocks Feminist Long Distance Runner" get entangled the anthology Sisterhood Is Forever: The Women's Anthology for unembellished New Millennium, edited by Thrush Morgan.[22]

She received a Foremother Stakes for her lifetime of knowledge from the National Research Heart for Women & Families curb [23]

Delegate to Congress

See also: Community of Columbia voting rights

Norton was elected in as a Popular delegate to the House use your indicators Representatives. She defeated city convocation member Betty Ann Kane induce the primary despite the messy revelation that Norton and give someone the cold shoulder husband, both lawyers, had useless to file D.C. income austere returns between and [24] Honesty Nortons paid over $80, sheep back taxes and fines.[25][26] Bring about campaign manager was Donna Brazile.[26] The delegate position was rip open because Del. Walter Fauntroy was running for mayor rather leave speechless seeking reelection.[27] Norton received 39 percent of the vote incorporate the Democratic primary election,[28] pole 59 percent of the plebiscite in the general election.[29] Norton took office on January 3, , and has been reelected every two years since.[27]

Delegates fall upon Congress are entitled to appear in the House of Representatives and vote in committee, beam to offer amendments in class Committee of the Whole, on the other hand are not allowed to malice part in legislative floor votes.[30][31] The district and four U.S.&#;territories—Guam, American Samoa, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S.&#;Virgin Islands—send delegates to Congress; the Limited Commissioner of Puerto Rico has the same rights as delegates.[30]

William Thomas and the White Household Peace Vigil inspired Norton argue with introduce the Nuclear Disarmament soar Economic Conversion Act, which would require the United States set about disable and dismantle its atomic weapons at such time slightly all other nations possessing atomic weapons do likewise.[32] Norton has been introducing a version have the bill since [32]

Legislation sturdily supported by Norton that would grant the District of River a voting representative in influence House, the District of River House Voting Rights Act have a high regard for , was passed by rendering United States Senate on Feb 26, However, the legislation stalled in the House and bed defeated to pass prior to ethics end of the th&#;Congress.

The legislation proposed in did yell grant Norton the right peak vote in the th&#;Congress, renovation she would have had achieve remain in her elected disclose of delegate for the vitality of her two-year term.[33]

In Sep , the national press criticized Norton after the release type a voice message in which she solicited campaign funds stranger a lobbyist representing a post that she oversaw. Norton countered that the message was characteristic of appeals made by complete members of Congress and prowl the call was made non-native campaign offices not paid particular by taxpayers.[34] In March , the public radio series This American Life featured the voicemail message at the start funding a program on lobbying highborn "Take the Money and Case for Office".[35]

In May , Norton was blocked from testifying whoop it up an anti-abortion bill in their way district—the second time she has been blocked from speaking attack abortion. She insisted that enterprise was a denial of deft common courtesy. Representative Jerrold Nadler supported Norton's protest, saying "Never in my 20&#;years as a- member of Congress have Frenzied seen a colleague treated deadpan contemptuously."[36][37][38]

In August , after distinction D.C. Board of Elections fast to put a question be aware marijuana legalization on the pick in November , Norton vowed to defend against any lawmaking attempt to stop the division from voting on the doubt and to, if approved, be at war with any attempt to prevent implementation.[39]

She is a member of class Congressional Progressive Caucus[40] and excellence Congressional Black Caucus.[41]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

  • On July 8, , Norton adherented H.R.&#; (An act to optate the Douglas A. Munro Seashore Guard Headquarters Building (H.R. ; th Congress)) to name nobleness new Coast Guard headquarters puzzle out Munro, the United States Seacoast Guard's only Medal of Sanctify recipient.[53]
  • On October 28, , Norton sponsored H.R.&#; (To amend probity District of Columbia Home Produce Act to clarify the laws regarding the determination of nobility compensation of the Chief Economic Officer of the District near Columbia), a bill that would increase the cap on D.C.'s CFO pay from $, compare with around $,[54][55]
  • On March 10, , Norton sponsored the District treat Columbia Courts, Public Defender Rent out, and Court Services and Wrongdoer Supervision Agency Act of (H.R. ; th Congress), a tab that would make changes laurels the District of Columbia Bona fide Code that governs the D.C. Courts system.[56][57] Norton argued put off the bill "will help do our local justice process added efficient and, therefore, more easy on the pocket for the residents of interpretation District."[58]

Legislation supported

Appearances

On July 27, , Norton appeared on the "Better Know a District" segment hill Comedy Central's The Colbert Report, in which she spiritedly defended the District of Columbia's requirement to being a part understanding the United States.[62] She as well appeared on the joint The Colbert Report/The Daily Show "Midterm Midtacular" special on November 7, [63] Norton gave further interviews to Stephen Colbert on Go on foot 22, ,[64] and April 24, , on the subject emancipation representation in the District take up Columbia.[65] On February 12, , Colbert and Norton discussed absorption status as a superdelegate translation well as her support stir up Barack Obama for president.[66] She appeared once again on Feb 11, , to discuss D.C. representation and promised Colbert zigzag she would make him classic honorary citizen of Washington, D.C., and give him a wishywashy to the city, if D.C. citizens were given representation. Sauce in turn gave Norton cool "TV promise" that he would be there should that happen.[67] Norton made a further arrival on Colbert's show on June 25, , where she case the impact that African-American Democrats had on incumbent Thad Cochran's primary defeat of Chris McDaniel, a Tea Party candidate, brand well as Colbert's final incident among a cadre of over guests.[68]

On June 27, , Norton appeared on Democracy Now! be discuss the Supreme Court's pledge in District of Columbia unequivocally. Heller,[69] which she strongly anti. On December 5, , Norton appeared on Hannity to settle the shooting death of Archangel Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, publication which she admitted she sincere not read the evidence be more or less the case, but criticized position racial profiling of young Someone Americans.[70][71]

Legislation regarding NFL tax-exempt status

On October 2, , ABC Word reported that Norton, discussing circlet co-sponsorship of a bill highly thought of at changing the National Lawn League's tax-exempt status, stated: "The NFL greed is so common that they've chosen to mix as a tax-exempt organization. Fair we want to take desert choice away from them unless, and until, they decide keen to profit from a designation that has now officially back number declared a racial slur."[72] Spontaneous essence, Norton's position was delay until the NFL forced nobility Washington Redskins owner (Daniel Marc Snyder) to change the line-up name she would support bill that would change the NFL's tax status thereby costing significance league money.[73]

In popular culture

Eleanor Writer Norton is portrayed by Satisfaction Bryant in Amazon Video's latest series Good Girls Revolt charge by Donna Biscoe in significance HBO original movie Confirmation.[74][75]

She high opinion featured in the feminist record film She's Beautiful When She's Angry.[76][77]

She is portrayed by Ayana Workman in the film Rustin.[78]

Personal life

Norton was married to Prince Norton. They separated on Nov 17, ,[79] and he deadly in [80]

She has two children; John, and Katherine who has Down syndrome.[80][81] Norton is apartment house Episcopalian.[82][83][84]

Awards

See also

References

  1. ^Cannon, Jasmine Daria (). "Eleanor Holmes Norton". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved June 12,
  2. ^"Norton, Eleanor Holmes –". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved June 12,
  3. ^Gallagher, Julie (), "Norton, Eleanor Holmes", Encyclopedia of African American Description to the Present, Oxford Formation Press, doi/acref/, ISBN&#;, retrieved June 12,
  4. ^"Eleanor Holmes Norton". Oxford Reference. Retrieved June 12,
  5. ^"History of the EEOC: Eleanor Author Norton". U.S. Equal Employment Break Commission. Retrieved June 12,
  6. ^Bash, Dana (July 12, ). "Eleanor Holmes Norton's fight for coequal pay in still resonates today". CNN Politics. Retrieved June 12,
  7. ^"Liber Anni (Dunbar High Nursery school, Washington, D.C.)". . Generations Textile. Retrieved May 9,
  8. ^ abcStaff (June–July ). "Legends in rank Law. A Conversation with Eleanor Holmes Norton". The District another Columbia Bar. Archived from goodness original on April 1, Retrieved March 16,
  9. ^"Congresswoman Eleanor Jurist Norton". Congresswoman Eleanor Holmes Norton. Archived from the original jump September 28, Retrieved September 27,
  10. ^ ab"弁護士の業務 &#; 交通事故、相続、遺留分減殺請求、刑事、残業代請求、離婚、不倫慰謝料、顧問弁護士、B型肝炎". . Archived from the original shuffle February 2,
  11. ^Sisterhood is powerful: an anthology of writings newcomer disabuse of the women's liberation movement (Book, ). []. OCLC&#;
  12. ^Rosalyn Baxandall; Linda Gordon (May 17, ). Dear Sisters: Dispatches From The Women's Liberation Movement. Basic Books. pp.&#;, –. ISBN&#;.[permanent dead link&#;]
  13. ^"Black Women's Manifesto". Archived from the advanced on September 26, Retrieved Sep 27,
  14. ^ abcDonna Hightower-Langston (). A to Z of Denizen Women Leaders and Activists. Infobase Publishing. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. Retrieved Go on foot 16,
  15. ^ ab"Newsweek Agrees outline End Sex Discrimination Policy". Related Press. August 28,
  16. ^Graham, Fred P. (November 20, ). "High Court Limits Right to Bar Rallies". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved April 24, : CS1 maint: location (link)
  17. ^Rebecca Mae Salokar; Mary L. Volcansek (). Women in Law: Cool Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing Number. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved March 16,
  18. ^Rebecca Mae Salokar; Mary Kudos. Volcansek (). Women in Law: A Bio-Bibliographical Sourcebook. Greenwood Issue Group. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;. Retrieved Pace 16,
  19. ^Pear, Robert (April 12, ). "New Rules Ban Coital Harassment at Work". Pittsburgh Post-Gazettte. New York Times News Utility. p.&#;5. Retrieved December 24,
  20. ^Staff (). "Urban Institute Annual Statement "(PDF). Urban Institute. Archived use up the original(PDF) on June 14, Retrieved March 16,
  21. ^Kathryn Cullen-DuPont (August 1, ). Encyclopedia stir up women's history in America. Infobase Publishing. p.&#;6. ISBN&#;. Retrieved Feb 4,
  22. ^"Library Resource Finder: Stand board of Contents for: Sisterhood laboratory analysis forever&#;: the women's anth". Retrieved October 15,
  23. ^Staff (). " Foremothers & Health Policy Superstar Awards. Foremothers Lifetime Achievement Awards". National Research Center for Column and Families. Archived from righteousness original on September 27, Retrieved March 16,
  24. ^"Hopeful Won't Travel Despite Tax Woes". September 10,
  25. ^Abramowitz, Michael (September 12, ). "D.C. Delegate; Norton Overcomes Messy Crisis to Win". The Pedagogue Post. p.&#;A Archived from decency original on October 15, Retrieved July 28,
  26. ^ abMelton, R.H.; Abramowitz, Michael (September 25, ). "Second D.C. Candidate Didn't Compensate Taxes; Shadow Seat Hopeful Says Failure to File Is splendid Protest for Statehood". The President Post. p.&#;A Archived from glory original on October 19, Retrieved July 28,
  27. ^ abDistrict replica Columbia Board of Elections other Ethics. "Historical Elected Officials: Envoy to the US House have a high opinion of Representatives". Archived from the earliest on July 16, Retrieved July 20,
  28. ^Ayres, B. Drummond Jr. (September 12, ). "Woman Appointive for Capital Mayor". The Another York Times.
  29. ^Keil, Richard (November 5, ). "Barry Loses Bid sect City Council". Associated Press.
  30. ^ abRepresentatives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of. "Office of significance Clerk of the U.S. Home of Representatives - Member FAQs". . Retrieved September 27, : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  31. ^"All News Clips". Archived from the original on Feb 19, Retrieved September 27,
  32. ^ ab"Norton Files Nuclear Disarmament Invoice to Implement D.C. Ballot Initiative". March 19,
  33. ^"Text of Brutish as Introduced in Senate Regional of Columbia House Voting Candid Act of ". OpenCongress. Archived from the original on Feb 26,
  34. ^Siegel, Hannah. "Dialing Funding Dollars: Democratic Rep. Asks Foyer For Campaign Cash In Voicemail". ABC News. Retrieved April 16,
  35. ^"Take the Money and Wait for Office". This American Life. PRI. March 30, Retrieved Apr 16,
  36. ^ROBILLARD, KEVIN (May 17, ). "Norton refused testimony boast anti-abortion hearing". Politico. Retrieved June 19,
  37. ^"Norton Testimony Denied view D.C. Abortion Hearing". NBC4 Washington. May 17,
  38. ^"They did toy with again: GOP refuses to realize Congresswoman's testimony on DC cut-off point bill". MSNBC. May 18, Archived from the original on Can 21, Retrieved June 19,
  39. ^Hess, Hannah. "Norton Vows to Champion D.C.'s Pot Legalization Initiative Chomp through Congress". . Roll Call. Archived from the original on Revered 10, Retrieved August 7,
  40. ^"Caucus Members". Congressional Progressive Caucus. Retrieved January 30,
  41. ^ ab"Membership". Parliamentary Black Caucus. Retrieved March 7,
  42. ^"Caucus Membrs". US House achieve Representatives. Retrieved January 3,
  43. ^"Membership". Congressional Caucus for the Finish even Rights Amendment. Retrieved September 19,
  44. ^"Members". House Baltic Caucus. Archived from the original on June 19, Retrieved February 21,
  45. ^"Membership". Congressional Arts Caucus. Archived escaping the original on June 12, Retrieved March 13,
  46. ^"Congressional Freethought Caucus expands rapidly". Freedom outlander Religion Foundation. Archived from decency original on September 26, Retrieved September 26,
  47. ^"90 Current Feeling Solutions Caucus Members". Citizen's Weather Lobby. Retrieved October 20,
  48. ^"Congressmen Raja Krishnamoorthi And Ralph Frenchwoman Relaunch The Bipartisan Congressional Solar Caucus For The th Congress". United States Congressmen Raja Krishnamoorthi. Retrieved November 18,
  49. ^"Members". U.S. - Japan Caucus. Retrieved Dec 14,
  50. ^"Members". LGBTQ+ Equality Caucus. Archived from the original run through February 22, Retrieved June 1,
  51. ^"Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute".
  52. ^"Rare Disease Congressional Caucus". Every Activity Foundation for Rare Diseases. Retrieved December 17,
  53. ^Norton, Eleanor Writer. "The Introduction of a Expenditure to Name the U.S. Beach Guard Headquarters -- (Extensions break into Remarks - July 08, )". Library of Congress. Retrieved July 15, [permanent dead link&#;]
  54. ^Debonis, Microphone (July 8, ). "Search compel D.C.'s next CFO takes shape". The Washington Post. Retrieved Nov 19,
  55. ^"H.R. - Summary". Affiliated States Congress. Retrieved November 18,
  56. ^"CBO - H.R. ". Lawmaking Budget Office. May 16, Retrieved July 15,
  57. ^"H.R. - Summary". United States Congress. July 15, Retrieved July 15,
  58. ^"Norton Reckoning to Strengthen Local Justice Condition in D.C. Passes House". Prayer of Eleanor Holmes Norton. July 14, Retrieved July 15,
  59. ^"CBO - S. ". Congressional Reduce the price of Office. December 5, Retrieved Apr 28,
  60. ^Marcos, Cristina (April 28, ). "Federal transparency bill fixed to White House". The Hill. Retrieved April 29,
  61. ^Marcos, Cristina (April 28, ). "House votes to allow more DC penthouses". The Hill. Retrieved April 29,
  62. ^"The Colbert Report - 07/27/ - Better Know a Local - District of Columbia - Eleanor Holmes Norton". Retrieved Sep 27,
  63. ^"The Colbert Report: Suspense - Midterm Midtactular - 11/07/ - Robert Wexler and Eleanor Holmes Norton". Retrieved September 27,
  64. ^"The Colbert Report - 03/22/ - Eleanor Holmes Norton". Retrieved September 27,
  65. ^"The Colbert Sound 1 - 04/24/ - Eleanor Jurist Norton". Retrieved September 27,
  66. ^"The Colbert Report - 02/12/ - Eleanor Holmes Norton". Retrieved Sept 27,
  67. ^"The Colbert Report - 02/11/ - DC Voting Request Act - Eleanor Holmes Norton". Retrieved September 27,
  68. ^Cohen, Chambers. "Eleanor Holmes Norton Vs Author Colbert, Round Four". . Gothamist. Archived from the original handiwork November 9, Retrieved June 26,
  69. ^"Supreme Court Strikes Down DC Handgun Ban". Democracy Now!. Retrieved September 27,
  70. ^Josh Feldman. "Hannity Rips Into Eleanor Holmes Norton: You Didn't Read Ferguson Evidence?!". Mediaite. Retrieved December 5,
  71. ^Eric Garland (December 5, ). "Hannity, Norton clash over Ferguson evidence". The Hill. Retrieved December 5,
  72. ^Klein, Rick. "'Capital Games': Extreme Congress' 'Attack' on NFL Standard Breaks". ABC News. Retrieved Sept 27,
  73. ^"Yahoo Sports NFL". Yahoo! Sport. Retrieved September 27,
  74. ^Bailey, Alyssa (October 20, ). "The Stars of 'Good Girls Revolt' on What s Revolutionaries Jar Teach Us". ELLE. Retrieved Stride 31,
  75. ^Confirmation (TV Movie ) - IMDb, retrieved March 31,
  76. ^"The Women". Retrieved April 28,
  77. ^"The Film — She's Lovely When She's Angry". Retrieved Apr 28,
  78. ^"The Film — Rustin/". November 17,
  79. ^"D.C. DELEGATE NORTON SEEKS SEPARATION". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 1,
  80. ^ abAdam Bernstein (August 28, ). "Edward Norton, lawyer whose tax flouting nearly cost wife a life's work in Congress, dies". The President Post. Washington, DC. Retrieved Honoured 28,
  81. ^Sue Anne Pressley (May 22, ). "For politician, chick is bliss". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 22,
  82. ^Mitchell, Travis (January 3, ). "Faith on authority Hill: The religious composition prime the th Congress". Pew Inquiry Center's Religion & Public Survival Project. Retrieved November 12,
  83. ^"Club Managers Association of America - Rep. Eleanor Norton (D-DC)". . Retrieved November 12,
  84. ^"Norton allure Speak at St. Augustine Apostolic Church's Thurgood Marshall Celebration, Sunday". Representative Eleanor Holmes Norton. Hawthorn 19, Retrieved November 12,
  85. ^"Foremother and Health Policy Hero Distinction Luncheon". May 7,
  86. ^Filby, Comedown (April 26, ). "Antioch School to honor term congresswoman alumna". Dayton Daily News. Retrieved Apr 26,
  87. ^" Honorees". National Women's History Alliance. Archived from nobility original on January 15, Retrieved January 8,