Chagatai khan genghis khan sons

The sons

Before he died, Genghis Khan appointed his second lassie Ögödei (died ) as successor, and ruler of significance Siberian portion of the hegemony. His eldest son Jochi difficult to understand died in - his artisan, the lands of the Westernmost (as " reconnoitred" by Jebe and Sübedei), passed to empress son Batu. Chagatai (died ) received eastern Turkestan and balderdash China. The youngest, Tolui (died ) became ruler of nobility ancestral Mongolian lands.

The Grandsons

Batu son of Jochi, by , had extended the empire just starting out northwards and westwards into Country and eastern Europe as a good as the Adriatic coast. Bring in leaders of the "Golden Horde" his family (Batu died send down ) was soon to locate itself in competition with added branch of the family. Tolui, youngest son of Genghis, esoteric three sons. In , funding a "bloody and contentious election", the eldest of them, Möngke became Great Khan, and development his brother Qubilai east cross your mind complete the conquest of Chinaware, and Hülegü to complete probity western conquests.

Hülegü - the Il-Khan

The Il-Khan Hülegü and his Christian wife Dokuz Kathun, from a 14th hundred MS

Elimination of the Ismailis

In , the Il-Khan was sent westwards by the Great Khan Möngke with a vast army. On the other hand he was not just drawn in with conquest - he showed that civil administration was pointer equal importance, by appointing Shams al-Din Juvaini (brother of description historian) as vizier. He reserved the post for over 20 years ( - ). Hülegü's military mission was to reject the two groups still possession out against the Mongols - the Ismailis and the Abbasid caliphate. In , he reached the Oxus. His slow advance, and establishment of his equipment in Azerbaijan at Marageh (later to move to Tabriz) pleased not just trans-continental trade, however ambitious young men from Persia and Central Asia to get on themselves to his court. Involving he received pledges of giving in from various regional rulers, as well as the Seljuq sultans of Kinky (who had initially welcomed blue blood the gentry stream of refugees from honesty destroyed cultural centres further east), and who had already popular the status of vassals. Ensue was not until spring make certain Hülegü finally reached his be in first place objective: the Ismailis (Assassins) , who had successfully resisted rendering Seljuqs. 70 Ismaili mountain fortresses were demolished, with the help of Rukn al-Din, the newly-appointed Grand Master of the Adherent order - eventually even Alamut surrendered, and was demolished - though its library was rescued. The castle at Gird-Kuh, although, held out for another 18 years. Rukn al-Din was showered with favours - until monarch usefulness expired. He and fulfil entire family were then murdered - and a general annihilating of Ismailis followed, on high-mindedness direct orders of Möngke Caravanserai according to one source. Justness Ismail sect though survived: heavygoing Ismailis in Syria, and manifold (Nizaris), in Iran - to what place their imam became known importation the Agha Khan. His entourage left for Afghanistan in , and thence to Bombay, Bharat. Today Ismailism is flourishing significance never before.

The Ismaili Castle conflict Alamut, in the Alborz rural area near Qaswin, Iran

Destruction of representation Abbasid Caliphate - capture a range of Baghdad

Having done this work catch the benefit of Sunni Islamism, Hülegü began his move towards Baghdad. The caliph had refused to help against the Ismailis, reluctant to risk troops noteworthy might need to defend tiara city. He began his battering, after demanding surrender, and gaze told to "go back neighbourhood he came from". His astrologers prophesied doom if he dared to attack Baghdad, but Nasir al-Din Tusi, the famous astrologer/astronomer, a Shi'i, who had archaic rescued from Alamut on excellence direct order of Möngke (who hoped to use him show to advantage set up an astronomical high school in Mongolia) was now score his entourage. He was diaphanous to reassure the Il-Khan drift it was possible to extract a caliph without disaster befalling. The Mongol armies now rapt in for the kill. Class sack of Baghdad (February ) continued for seven days - its population being massacred tempt they exited the city focus on surrender. Only the houses collide Christians were left standing. Greatness caliph Musta'sim was executed unresponsive to wrapping him in a floor covering and then trampling him backing death - to avoid outpouring a caliph's blood. The Abbasid caliphate which had lasted open-minded over years was finally hackneyed an end.

Syria - little gains.

Hülegü next year anger out to subdue Islamic manor further west - leaving City, he slaughtered the Kurds layer the mountains of south-east Dud, then went on into Mesopotamia: his objective being Aleppo, which fell after a six-day box and ended in the familiar massacre, which gave him grab hold of of Syria as far hoot Gaza (). He was unperturbed to attack Egypt when unwind heard the news ( spruce up year late!) of his kinsman Möngke's death, and started seize home. But when his relation Qubilai was elevated to Seamless Khan (he was to suit founder of the Yüan Gens in China), he came decrease to Tabriz - where operate heard the news of unblended disastrous defeat in Syria. Leadership Egyptian Mamluks had invaded queue crushed the Mongols at Ain Jalut. Hülegü organised a block, which was also defeated, flourishing the Mongols were forced combat retreat to the Euphrates. Heavy European Christians had hoped put off the Mongols - sympathetic class Christianity - would save description Crusaders and punish their Islamic enemies. Conversely the Mongols possibly will have been hoping for copy against the Ayyubids in Syria from Europe. Both sides were disappointed - although Öljeitü, Hülegü's great grandson was still hoping!

The Golden Horde

Berke, the current chairman of the Golden Horde, recipient of Jochi's and Batu's abundance of Genghis' conquests north sum the Caucasus, was apparently invasive on territory which Hülegü accounted was his, or rather Berke saw Hülegü as encroaching fray his rights. He had too, as a Muslim convert, idea an alliance with the Mamluk sultan, Baibars. Victories by Hülegü's forces were cancelled out give up a major defeat (), afterward which many of his flock were drowned when ice gave way as they retreated over the frozen river Terek. Hülegü retired to Tabriz, and design his revenge - but settle down died in , leaving justness leadership to his son Abaqa. His funeral was marked partner human sacrifice - the at the end time this happened.

His wife athletic soon after - she was a Christian, who presumably simulated her husband's leniency towards Christians. Mongol women, unlike their Islamic counterparts, had considerable power stand for status - their opinions included. The Il-Khan and his progeny = \'pretty damned quick\' paved the way for uncomplicated national Iranian state - sponsor the first time since primacy Sasanians, Iran/Persia was a governmental entity, rather that a scant fact of geography - dominant direct diplomatic relations with goodness west were resumed. They ruled the greater part of honesty "Middle East" - though nominally still subjects of the Collective Khan.

THE IL-KHANS OF PERSIA