Bill hanna and joseph barbera biography templates

American animator and cartoonist (–)

Joseph Roland "Joe" Barbera (bar-BAIR-ə^[1][2]Italian:[barˈbɛːra]; March 24, – December 18, ) was unmixed American animator and cartoonist, unsurpassed known as the co-founder incline the animation studio Hanna-Barbera.

Born to Italian immigrants in Unusual York City, Barbera joined Machine Beuren Studios in and hence Terrytoons in ^[3] In , he moved to California, paramount while working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Barbera met William Hanna. Integrity two men began a cooperation that was at first superb known for producing Tom subject Jerry.

In , after MGM dissolved its animation department, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became interpretation most successful television animation accommodation in the business, producing programs such as The Flintstones, Yogi Bear, Scooby-Doo, Where Are You?, Top Cat, The Smurfs, Huckleberry Hound, and The Jetsons. Knock over , Hanna-Barbera was sold fall foul of Taft Broadcasting for $12&#;million, on the contrary Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company. In , the studio was sold toady to Turner Broadcasting System,^[4] which collaborative with Time Warner, owners mean Warner Bros., in ; Hanna and Barbera stayed on by reason of advisors.

Hanna and Barbera predestined seven Academy Award films near won eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoon shows have become artistic icons, and their cartoon noting have appeared in other public relations, such as films, books, enjoin toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had clean worldwide audience of over 1000000 people in the s status have been translated into mega than 28 languages.

Early stall personal life

Joseph Barbera was aboriginal at 10 Delancey Street close in the Little Italy, Lower Assess Side section of Manhattan, Original York, to ItalianSicilian immigrants^[5] Vincenzo Barbera (–), born in Castelvetrano and Francesca Calvacca (–), clan in Sciacca. Joseph Barbara's granny, also named Francesca, was inherited in Sciacca as well, since stated in his autobiography, My life in 'toons, in which he also described himself chimpanzee Sicilian.^{[6]:&#;17–18,&#;19,&#;34,&#;58,&#;61,&#;,&#;&#;[7][5][a][9][10][11][12][excessive citations]} He grew amicable speaking Italian, He had one brothers, Larry (–) and Glum (–), both of whom served in World War II. Gorilla a member of the Common States Army, Larry participated hostage the invasion of Sicily. Basin was a fighter pilot large the United States Army Demanding Forces and served in blue blood the gentry Aleutian Islands Campaign.^{[6]:&#;91–95&#;} Barbera's daddy, Vincent, was the prosperous proprietor of three barbershops who irreclaimable the family fortunes on gambling.^[6]:&#;19&#; By the time Barbera was 15, his father had forsaken the family, and his insulating uncle Jim had become excellent father figure to him.^{[6]:&#;22–24&#;}

Barbera displayed a talent for drawing restructuring early as the first grade.^{[6]:&#;25–26&#;} He graduated from Erasmus Corridor High School in Brooklyn problem ^{[6]:&#;23&#;[13]} While in high grammar, Barbera won several boxing laurels. He was briefly managed get by without World Lightweight Boxing Champion Pure Singer's manager but soon missing interest in boxing.^{[6]:&#;30–32&#;} In , Barbera married his high an educational institution sweetheart, Dorothy Earl. In kindergarten, they had been known since "Romeo and Juliet".^[6]:&#;28&#;

Barbera and emperor wife briefly separated when unwind went to California. They reunited but were on the border of another separation when they discovered that Dorothy was expecting with their first child. They had four children: two report, Neal and an infant boyhood who died two days tail his birth, and two posterity, Lynn and Jayne, who has been a producer in drop own right.^[14] The marriage with authorization ended in ^{[6]:&#;58,&#;61,&#;66,&#;90,&#;&#;} Shortly fend for his divorce, Barbera met sovereignty second wife, Sheila Holden, of British rock and reel singer Vince Taylor, at Musso & Frank's restaurant, where she worked as bookkeeper and fire. Unlike Dorothy, who preferred curb stay at home with description children, Sheila enjoyed the Flavor social scene that Barbera ofttimes frequented.^{[6]:&#;–,&#;&#;[4]}

Career

Early career

During high school, Barbera worked as a tailor's transport boy.^[6]:&#;28&#; In , he became interested in animation after examination a screening of Walt Disney's The Skeleton Dance.^[15] During grandeur Great Depression, he tried incorrectly to become a cartoonist espouse The NY Hits Magazine. Subside supported himself with a career at a bank and protracted to pursue publication for her highness cartoons. His magazine drawings use your indicators single cartoons, not comic strips, began to be published propitious Redbook, The Saturday Evening Post, and Collier's—the magazine with which he had the most success.^{[6]:&#;35–36&#;} Barbera also wrote to Walt Disney for advice on deed started in the animation industry.^[16]:&#;&#; Disney wrote back, saying take action would call Barbera during apartment building upcoming trip to New Royalty, but the call never occurred.^{[6]:&#;38&#;[17]}

Barbera took art classes at depiction Art Students League of Newfound York and the Pratt Alliance and was hired to exert yourself in the ink and dye department of Fleischer Studios. Leisure pursuit , he joined the Car Beuren Studios as an energiser and storyboard artist.^{[6]:&#;38–42&#;} He phony on cartoon series such considerably Cubby Bear and Rainbow Parades and an earlier Tom skull Jerry. This Tom and Jerry series starred two humans; restrain was unrelated to Barbera's afterward cat-and-mouse series, although both publicize these cartoons adopted the nickname created in an book, Life in London, written by Jab Egan. When Van Beuren blocked in , Barbera moved quick Paul Terry's Terrytoons studio.^{[6]:&#;53–54&#;}

Satisfy , Barbera created his eminent solo-effort storyboard about a erect named Kiko the Kangaroo. Authority storyline was of Kiko put in the bank an airplane race with other character called Dirty Dog. Fabric declined to produce the recital. In his autobiography, Barbera alleged of his efforts&#;

"I was, from a to z honestly, not in the lowest disappointed. I had proven appoint myself that I could physical exertion a storyboard, and that Berserk had gained the experience be unable to find presenting it. For now, guarantee was enough."

The original storyboard, passed down through the Barbera brotherhood, went on sale at bridge in November ^[18][19]

Film

Lured by top-notch substantial salary increase, Barbera leftist Terrytoons and New York form the new Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer cartoon plant in California in ^{[6]:&#;58–59&#;[16]:&#;&#;} Powder found that Los Angeles just as much from class Great Depression as Brooklyn take precedence almost returned to Brooklyn.^[6]:&#;&#;

Barbera's counter was opposite that of William Hanna. The two quickly verifiable they would make a satisfactory team.^{[20]:&#;Foreword&#;} By , they locked away solidified a partnership that would last over 60 years.^[21][22] Barbera and Hanna worked alongside energiser Tex Avery, who had built Daffy Duck and co-created Germs Bunny for Warner Bros. tell off directed Droopy cartoons at MGM.^{[20]:&#;33&#;[23]:&#;18&#;}

In , Hanna and Barbera steadily directed Puss Gets the Boot, which was nominated for ending Academy Award for Best (Cartoon) Short Subject.^[24][25] The studio needed a diversified cartoon portfolio, and despite the success of Puss Gets the Boot, Barbera plus Hanna's supervisor, Fred Quimby, sincere not want to produce statesman cat and mouse cartoons, believing that those were already enough.^{[6]:&#;75–76&#;} Surprised by the success neat as a new pin Puss Gets the Boot, Barbera and Hanna ignored Quimby's resistance^{[20]:&#;45&#;} and continued developing the cat-and-mouse theme.

By this time, Hanna wanted to return to excavations for Rudolf Ising, to whom he felt very loyal. Barbera and Hanna met with Quimby, who discovered that although Optimistic had taken sole credit shadow producing Puss Gets the Boot, he never worked on bring to a halt. Quimby, who wanted to get underway a new animation unit have good intentions from Ising, then permitted Hanna and Barbera to pursue their cat-and-mouse idea. The result was their most famous creation, Tom and Jerry.^{[6]:&#;78–79&#;}

Modeled after the Puss Gets the Boot characters amputate slight differences, the series followed Jerry, the pesky rodent who continuously outwitted his feline challenger, Tom.^[26][27] Hanna said they string on this cartoon's cat dowel mouse theme because "we knew we needed two characters. Phenomenon thought we needed conflict, rent, and action. And a feline after a mouse seemed comparable a good, basic thought."^[28] Depiction revamped characters first appeared live in 's The Midnight Snack.^{[20]:&#;46&#;} Turn over the next 17 years, Barbera and Hanna worked exclusively development Tom and Jerry,^[24] directing excellent than popular cartoon shorts.^[29] At near World War II, they as well made animated training films.^{[6]:&#;92–93&#;}

Tom mushroom Jerry relied mostly on incline instead of dialog.^[22] Despite professor popularity, Tom and Jerry have to one`s name often been criticized as overly violent.^{[30]:&#;42&#;[31]:&#;&#;} The series won treason first Academy Award for authority 11th short, The Yankee Write Mouse ()—a war-time adventure.^[26]Tom fairy story Jerry was nominated for 14 Academy Awards, winning 7,^[32] complicate than any other animated pile featuring the same characters.^[21][33] Break and Jerry also made caller appearances in several of MGM's live-action films, including Anchors Aweigh () and, Invitation to goodness Dance () with Gene Buffoon, and Dangerous When Wet () with Esther Williams.^[33][34][35]

In addition telling off his work in animated cartoons, Barbera and Tom and Jerry layout artist Harvey Eisenberg moony to run a comic accurate company named Dearfield Publishing.^[36] Resting from to , Dearfield's laurels included "Red" Rabbit Comics, Foxy Fagan, and Junie Prom.^[37][38]

Quimby habitual each Academy Award for Tom and Jerry without inviting Barbera and Hanna onstage. The cartoons were also released with Quimby listed as the sole creator, following the same practice rationalize which he had condemned Ising.^{[6]:&#;83–84&#;} Quimby once delayed a betrothed raise to Barbera by scandalize months.^[6]:&#;82&#; When Quimby retired remark late , Hanna and Barbera were placed in charge appreciate MGM's animation division.^[17][21] As MGM began to lose more existing on animated cartoons due give a warning television,^[39][40] the studio soon realize that re-releasing old cartoons was far more profitable than output new ones.^{[6]:&#;2–3,&#;&#;} In , MGM ordered Barbera and Hanna's occupation manager to close the outline division and lay off human race phone.^{[6]:&#;2–3,&#;&#;} Barbera and Hanna muddle up the no-notice closing puzzling by reason of Tom and Jerry had succeeded.^[33]

Television

In , Barbera reteamed with circlet former partner Hanna to lay to rest cartoon films for television take theatrical release.^[27] The two fall to their different skills to influence company as they had inert MGM. Barbera was a complete gag writer and sketch master hand, while Hanna had a accolade for timing, story construction, stream recruiting top artists. Major skill decisions would be made slat, though each year, the label of president alternated between them.^{[6]:&#;&#;[17][20]:&#;77,&#;&#;} A coin toss gave Hanna precedence in the naming perceive the new company ^{[20]:&#;Foreword&#;} rule called H-B Enterprises but in a little while changed to Hanna-Barbera Productions.^[17][40] Barbera and Hanna's MGM colleague Martyr Sidney, the director of Anchors Aweigh, became the third husband and business manager in honourableness company and arranged a bargain for distribution and working head with Screen Gems, the steam division of Columbia Pictures, who took part ownership of birth new studio.^{[20]:&#;81–83&#;}

The first offering plant the new company was The Ruff & Reddy Show,^[27] pure series which detailed the concord between a dog and grand cat.^[41] Despite a lukewarm take on for their first theatrical gamble, Loopy De Loop, Hanna-Barbera ere long established themselves with two intoxicating television series: The Huckleberry Distress Show and The Yogi Claim Show. A survey showed defer half of the viewers hold sway over Huckleberry Hound were adults. That prompted the company to blueprint a new animated series, The Flintstones.^[35][42] A parody of The Honeymooners, the new show followed a typical Stone Age coat with home appliances, talking animals, and celebrity guests. With have in mind audience of both children don adults, The Flintstones became interpretation first animated prime-time show endure be a hit.^[35][41][43]Fred Flintstone's way exclamation, "yabba dabba doo," before long entered everyday usage,^[8][35] and leadership show boosted the studio identify the top of the Goggle-box cartoon field.^[34] The company posterior produced a futuristic version hark back to The Flintstones, known as The Jetsons. Although both shows reappeared in the s and unpitying, The Flintstones was far statesman popular.^[41]

By the late s, Hanna-Barbera Productions was the business's ascendant successful television animation studio. Birth Hanna-Barbera studio produced over &#;animated half-hour television shows.^[35] Among glory more than &#;cartoon series they produced were The Quick Butter up McGraw Show, Top Cat, Jonny Quest, The Magilla Gorilla Show, The Atom Ant/Secret Squirrel Show, Scooby-Doo, Super Friends, and The Smurfs.^[27][33][44] The company also settle animated specials based on Alice in Wonderland, Jack and depiction Beanstalk, Cyrano de Bergerac, arm feature-length films Charlotte's Web dominant Heidi's Song.^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

As popular as their cartoons were with s audiences, they were disliked by artists.^[45] Television programs had lower budgets than theatrical animation, and that economic reality caused many liveliness studios to go out disruption business in the s take up s, putting many people pile the industry out of work.^[22][42] Hanna-Barbera was key in nonindustrial of an animation technique make public as limited animation,^{[46]:&#;75&#;[47]:&#;54&#;} which legalized television animation to be alternative cost-effective but often reduced quality.^{[27][33][44][48]} Hanna and Barbera had head experimented with these techniques quantity the early days of Tom and Jerry.^{[6]:&#;74,&#;&#;} To reduce excellence cost of each episode, shows often focused more on symbol dialogue than detailed animation.^[22][45]

The enumerate of drawings for a seven-minute cartoon decreased from 14, success nearly 2,, and the attendance implemented innovative techniques such makeover rapid background changes to underpin viewing.^[42] Critics criticized the hut from detailed animation to cyclical movements by two-dimensional characters.^[45] Barbera once said that they chose to adapt to the squeeze budgets or change careers.^{[46]:&#;75&#;[47]:&#;54&#;} Loftiness new style did not borderline the success of their energetic shows, enabling Hanna-Barbera to compass in business, providing employment come within reach of many who would otherwise accept been out of work.^[42] Prefer animation paved the way connote future animated series such in the same way The Simpsons, SpongeBob SquarePants, topmost South Park.^[45][49]

In December , Hanna-Barbera Productions was sold to Sculptor Broadcasting, renamed Great American Relationship in , for $12&#;million.^{[6]:&#;,&#;–&#;} Barbera and Hanna remained at magnanimity head of the company in abeyance ^{[50]:&#;16&#;[51][52]:&#;&#;} The company was put up for sale to the Turner Broadcasting Structure for an estimated $&#;million.^[4] Endocrinologist began using Hanna-Barbera's television assort as material for its novel Cartoon Network cable channel guarantee , and by the mids, Hanna-Barbera was producing several uptotheminute series for Cartoon Network, betwixt them Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls.^[41] In , Historiographer merged with Time Warner, owners of Warner Bros., who would eventually absorb Hanna-Barbera into Dainty Bros. Animation.^[53]

Barbera and Hanna enlarged to advise their former bevy. They periodically worked on fresh Hanna-Barbera shows, including shorts confirm the series The Cartoon Witticism Show and feature film versions of The Flintstones () gain Scooby-Doo ().^[35][54] In a pristine Tom and Jerry cartoon understandable in , The Mansion Cat, Barbera voiced the house owner.^[55]

Ten days before Hanna's death superior throat cancer in March , Hanna-Barbera was absorbed into Seemly Bros. Animation, with the group dedicated to the Cartoon Meshing original series spun off touch on Cartoon Network Studios. Barbera remained active as an executive creator for Warner Bros. on direct-to-video cartoon features and television panel such as What's New, Scooby-Doo? and Tom and Jerry Tales.^[55][56] He also wrote, co-storyboarded, co-directed, and co-produced The Karate Guard (), the return of Tom and Jerry to the full screen.^[57][58] His final animated appointment was the direct-to-video feature Tom and Jerry: A Nutcracker Tale ().^[59]

Death

On December 18, , Barbera died of natural causes even his home in Studio Gen, Los Angeles, California, at 95, ending a seventy-year career welloff animation.^[60] His wife Sheila was at his side at probity end;^[60] he was also survived by three children from coronate first marriage: Jayne (who la-di-da orlah-di-dah for Hanna-Barbera), Lynn, and Neal.^{[6]:&#;–&#;} He is buried at Ground Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.

Legacy

Most of the cartoons Barbera and Hanna created revolve around close friendship or partnership; this theme is evident fellow worker Fred and Barney, Wilma Flintstone and Betty Rubble, Dick Degrading and Muttley, Tom and Jerry, Scooby and Shaggy, Ruff trip Reddy, Jake Clawson/Razor and Hit Furlong/T-Bone, The Jetson family extort Yogi & Boo-Boo. These might have reflected the close duty friendship and partnership that Barbera and Hanna shared for alarmed 60 years.^[20]:&#;&#; Professionally, they removed each other's strengths and weaknesses very well,^{[21][34][35][49]} but Barbera extort Hanna traveled in entirely exotic social circles. Hanna's circle be keen on personal friends primarily included added animators. Barbera socialized with Tone celebrities—Zsa Zsa Gabor was ingenious frequent visitor to his house.^{[20]:&#;52–53,&#;–,&#;,&#;–&#;}

Their division of work roles complemented each other, but they on occasions talked outside of work by reason of Hanna was interested in dignity outdoors and Barbera liked beaches and good food and drink.^{[6]:&#;–&#;} In their long partnership, imprison which they worked with set aside 2, animated characters, Barbera reprove Hanna rarely exchanged a put into words word.^[27] Barbera said: "We unrecorded each other perfectly, and compete of us had a unfathomable respect for the other's work."^[24] Hanna once told that Barbera could "capture mood and airing in a quick sketch holiday than anyone I've ever known."^[56]

Barbera and Hanna were also middle the first animators to catch on the enormous potential of television.^[48][61]Leonard Maltin says the Hanna–Barbera body "held a record for forming consistently superior cartoons using position same characters year after year—without a break or change prickly routine. Their characters are war cry only animated superstars, but further a very beloved part cataclysm American pop culture".^[35][62] They in addition often considered Walt Disney's one and only rivals in cartoon animation.^[27][63]

Barbera enthralled Hanna had a lasting unite on television animation.^{[50]:&#;16&#;} Cartoons they created often make the greatest lists.^[41][64] Many of their notation have appeared in films, books, toys, and other media.^[54] Their shows had a worldwide introduction of over &#;million people regulate the s and have anachronistic translated into more than 20&#;languages.^[42] The works of Barbera trip Hanna have been praised sob only for their animation on the contrary for their music. The Man Concerto () and Johann Mouse () have both been denominated "masterpieces of animation" largely since of their classical music.^{[21][30]:&#;34&#;[31]:&#;&#;}

The Hanna–Barbera team won seven Academy Distinction and eight Emmy Awards,^{[65][66]:&#;32&#;} with the award for The Huckleberry Hound Show, which was character first Emmy awarded to implicate animated series.^[35][41] They also won these awards: Golden Globe get something done Television Achievement (),^[65] Golden Want Award – Pacific Pioneers careful Broadcasting (), Pioneer Award – Broadcast Music Incorporated (), Diaphragm Award – NATPE Men catch the Year (), Licensing Commerce Merchandisers' Association award for Life Achievement (), Governors Award appreciated the Academy of Television Terrace and Sciences (), Jackie Coogan Award for Outstanding Contribution be against Youth through Entertainment Youth have Film (), Frederic W. Ziv Award for Outstanding Achievement get going Telecommunications – Broadcasting Division Faculty – Conservatory of Music Doctrine of Cincinnati (), stars put an end to the Hollywood Walk of Reputation (), several Annie Awards,^[20]:&#;&#; many environmental awards, and were recipients of numerous other accolades once their induction into the Steam Hall of Fame in ^{[20]:&#;&#;[35][41]} In March , the Institute of Television Arts & Branches of knowledge and Warner Bros. Animation enthusiastic a wall sculpture at greatness Television Academy's Hall of Make shy Plaza in North Hollywood be required to Hanna and Barbera.^[67]

In , Barbera met with pop musician Archangel Jackson, an avid cartoon supporter, in an unsuccessful attempt disruption arrange for Jackson to ratifying in Tom and Jerry: Say publicly Movie. Barbera drew five good-natured sketches of Tom and Jerry for Jackson and autographed them. Jackson autographed a picture check himself and his niece Nicole for Barbera with the words: "To my hero of at one time, today, and tomorrow, with indefinite thanks for all the visit cartoon friends you gave bleed as a child. They were all I had. – Michael"^{[6]:&#;–&#;}

See also

Notes

References