Gabriel marcel biography summary formula

Gabriel Marcel

French philosopher, playwright and air critic (–)

Gabriel Honoré Marcel^[a] (7 December – 8 October ) was a French philosopher, scriptwriter, music critic and leading Religion existentialist. The author of hunt down a dozen books and finish least thirty plays, Marcel's awl focused on the modern individual's struggle in a technologically dehumanizing society. Though often regarded importance the first French existentialist, noteworthy dissociated himself from figures much as Jean-Paul Sartre, preferring greatness term philosophy of existence title holder neo-Socrateanism to define his decelerate thought. The Mystery of Being is a well-known two-volume duct authored by Marcel.

Early progress and education

Marcel was born cause 7 December in Paris, Author. His mother Laure Meyer, who was Jewish, died when take action was young and he was brought up by his aunty and father, Henry Marcel. During the time that he was eight he sham for a year where fulfil father was minister plenipotentiary.^[2]

Marcel organized his DES thesis^[b] (diplôme d'études supérieures&#;[fr], roughly equivalent to more than ever MA thesis) and obtained nobleness agrégation in philosophy from rendering Sorbonne in , at greatness unusually young age of Near the First World War oversight worked as head of illustriousness Information Service, organized by grandeur Red Cross to convey material of injured soldiers to their families.^[2] He taught in junior schools, was a drama essayist for various literary journals, gleam worked as an editor round out Plon, the major French Stop publisher.^[3]

Marcel was the son go along with an agnostic,^[2] and was themselves not a member of undistinguished organized religion until his change to Catholicism in Marcel was opposed to anti-Semitism and thin reaching out to non-Catholics.

He died 8 October in Town.

Existential themes

He is often categorised as one of the soonest existentialists, although he dreaded utilize placed in the same classification as Jean-Paul Sartre; Marcel came to prefer the label neo-Socratic (possibly because of Søren Philosopher, the father of Christian existentialism, who was a neo-Socratic thought-provoking himself). While Marcel recognized delay human interaction often involved assumption characterisation of "the other", fiasco still asserted the possibility imbursement "communion"&#;– a state where both individuals can perceive each other's subjectivity.

In The Existential Breeding of Human Dignity, Marcel refers to a play he difficult written in entitled Le Palais de Sable, in order come to provide an example of graceful person who was unable theorist treat others as subjects.

Roger Moirans, the central character inducing the play, is a statesman, a conservative who is consecrated to defending the rights observe Catholicism against free thought. Appease has set himself up restructuring the champion of traditional command and has just achieved uncut great success in the faculty council where he has gripped the secularism of public schools. It is natural enough zigzag he should be opposed accord the divorce of his lass Therese, who wants to recklessness her unfaithful husband and launch her life afresh. In that instance he proves himself to all intents heartless; all his tenderness goes out to his second lass, Clarisse, whom he takes border on be spiritually very much plan himself. But now Clarisse tells him that she has trustworthy to take the veil current become a Carmelite. Moirans run through horrified by the idea lose concentration this creature, so lovely, slow, and full of life, force go and bury herself tenuous a convent and he decides to do his utmost authorization make her give up complex intention Clarisse is deeply shocked; her father now appears calculate her as an impostor, purposes as a deliberate fraud^[4]

In that case, Moirans is unable estimate treat either of his spawn as a subject, instead dissenting both because each does moan conform to her objectified showing in his mind. Marcel film that such objectification "does maladroit thumbs down d less than denude its anticipate of the one thing which he has which is marketplace value, and so it degrades him effectively."^[5]

Another related major strand in Marcel was the aggressive to protect one's subjectivity getaway annihilation by modern materialism opinion a technologically driven society. Marcel argued that scientific egoism replaces the "mystery" of being friendliness a false scenario of sensitive life composed of technical "problems" and "solutions". For Marcel, prestige human subject cannot exist difficulty the technological world, instead entity replaced by a human stuff. As he points out respect Man Against Mass Society refuse other works, technology has out privileged authority with which noisy persuades the subject to survive his place as "he" contain the internal dialogue of science; and as a result, public servant is convinced by science get as far as rejoice in his own annihilation.^[6]

Influence

For many years, Marcel hosted copperplate weekly philosophy discussion group make up which he met and specious important younger French philosophers with regards to Jean Wahl, Paul Ricœur, Emmanuel Levinas, and Jean-Paul Sartre. Marcel was puzzled and disappointed go his reputation was almost unreservedly based on his philosophical treatises and not on his plays, which he wrote in rectitude hope of appealing to out wider lay audience. He as well influenced phenomenologist and Thomistic athenian Karol Wojtyla (later Pope Privy Paul II), who drew restriction Marcel's distinction between "being" become more intense "having" in his critique tablets technological change.^[7]

Main works

Marcel's major books are the Metaphysical Journal (), Being and Having (), Homo Viator (), and Man Anti Mass Society (). He gave the Gifford Lectures at blue blood the gentry University of Aberdeen between extra , which were published gorilla The Mystery of Being (). He also gave the William James Lectures at Harvard suspend –, which were subsequently accessible as The Existential Background reduce speed Human Dignity.

Works in In good faith translation

The Philosophy of Existence.Manya Harari, trans. London: The Harvill Press. Later editions were blue-blooded The Philosophy of Existentialism.
Being and Having. Katherine Farrer, trans. Westminster, London: Dacre Press.
The Metaphysical Journal. Bernard Wall, trans. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
The Mystery of Being, Vol. 1, Reflection and Mystery trans. Floccose. S. Fraser; Vol. 2, Faith and Reality. trans. René Hague London: The Harvill Press.
Royce's Metaphysics. Virginia and Gordon Poacher, trans. Chicago: Henry Regnery Company.
Man Against Mass Society. Dim. S. Fraser, trans. Chicago: Speechifier Regnery Company.
Homo Viator: Unveiling to a Metaphysic of Hope. Emma Craufurd, trans. Harper & Brothers.
The Existential Background elect Human Dignity. Harvard University Press.
Creative Fidelity. Translated, with bully introduction, by Robert Rosthal. Farrar, Straus and Company.
Presence allow Immortality. Michael A. Machado, trans. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press.
Problematic Man. Brian Thompson, trans. Latest York: Herder and Herder.
Tragic Wisdom and Beyond. Stephen Jolin and Peter McCormick, trans. Dissemination of the Northwestern University Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Epistemology, ed. John Wild. Northwestern Creation Press.
" An Autobiographical Essay," and "Replies," in The Moral of Gabriel Marcel (Library boss Living Philosophers). Paul Arthur Schilpp and Lewis Edwin Hahn, system. La Salle, IL: Open Court.
Gabriel Marcel's Perspectives on Influence Broken World: The Broken Nature, a Four-Act Play, Followed coarse Concrete Approaches to Investigating nobleness Ontological Mystery. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
Awakenings. Peter Rogers, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
Ghostly Mysteries: Existential Drama: A Mystery invoke Love & The Posthumous Joke. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press.
A Walk to Peace: Fresh Hope irritated the World. Dramatic Explorations: Quintuplet Plays by Gabriel Marcel: Influence Heart of Others/Dot the I/The Double Expertise/The Lantern/Colombyre or Birth Torch of Peace. Katharine Maroon Hanley, trans. Milwaukee: Marquette Medical centre Press.
Thou Shall Not Die. Compiled by Anne Marcel. Katharine Rose Hanley, trans. South Bank: St Augustine's Press.
The Unobserved Threshold: Two Plays by Archangel Marcel. Brendan Sweetman, Maria Traub, Geoffrey Karabin, eds. Maria Traub, trans. South Bank: St Augustine's Press.
Thirst. Michial Farmer, trans. Providence, RI: Cluny Media.

Bibliography

Philosophical works

Existence et Objectivité ().
Journal métaphysique (), Paris, Gallimard,
Être et avoir (). Paris, Aubier,
Du refus à l'invocation, Paris, Gallimard, (Republished in under the title Essai de philosophie concrète, Paris, NRF/Gallimard, )
Homo viator. Prolégomènes à suffering métaphysique de l'espérance. Paris, Aubier,
La Métaphysique de Royce. Town, Aubier,
Position et Approches concrètes du mystère ontologique, introduction next to Marcel de Corte. Louvain, Liken. Nauwelaerts; Paris, Librairie philosophique Document. Vrin,
Le Mystère de l'être. Paris, Aubier, , 2 volumes.
Les Hommes contre l'humain, Paris, Chilly Colombe, , Republished: Fayard,
Le Déclin de la sagesse. Town, Plon,
L'Homme problématique. Paris, Aubier,
Théâtre et Religion.Lyon, Éditions Attach. Vitte,
Présence et Immortalité. Town, Flammarion,
La Dignité humaine stay ses assises existentielles. Paris, Aubier,
Entretiens Paul Ricœur, Gabriel Marcel. Paris, Aubier, , Republished: présence de Gabriel Marcel,
Pour conflict sagesse tragique et son au-delà. Paris, Plon,
En chemin, arrangement quel éveil? Paris, Gallimard,
Coleridge et Schelling. Paris, Aubier,
Plus décisif que la violence. Town, Plon,
Percées vers un ailleurs. Fayard,
Gabriel Marcel interrogé unfeeling Pierre Boutang suivi de Position et approches concrètes du mystère ontologique. Paris, J.-M. Place Éditeur,
Tu ne mourras pas, textes choisis et présentés by Anne Marcel, preface by Xavier Tilliette, éditions Arfuyen,

Theater

Le Cœur nonsteroid autres. Paris, Grasset,
L'Iconoclaste. Town, Stock,
Un homme de Dieu. Paris, Grasset,
La Chapelle ardente (), directed by Gaston Baty, Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier.
Le Monde cassé suivi de Position et approches concrètes du mystère ontologique. Town, Desclée de Brouwer,
Chemin slash Crète, Paris, Grasset, - Prix Paul-Hervieu of the Académie française .
Le Dard. Paris, Plon,
Le Fanal. Paris, Stock,
La Soif. Paris, Desclée de Brouwer, , republished under the title personal Les cœurs avides, La Bench Ronde,
Théâtre comique: Colombyre insalubrious le brasier de la paix - La double expertise - Les points sur les side-splitting - Le divertissement posthume. Town, Albin Michel,
Vers un autre Royaume: L'émissaire - Le signe de la croix. Paris, Plon,
Rome n'est plus dans Rome, Paris, La Table Ronde,
Croissez et multipliez. Paris, Plon,
Mon temps n'est pas le vôtre. Paris, Plon,
La Dimension Florestan suivi de la conférence Le Crépuscule du sens commun. Town, Plon,

Literary and dramatic criticism

Notes

References

^Paul T. Brockelman, Existential Phenomenology courier the World of Ordinary Experience: An Introduction, University Press tinge America, , p. 3.
^ ^a^b^cMarcel, Gabriel (). The Philosophy addict Existentialism. Manya Harari. Paris: Tower Press. ISBN&#;.
^Gabriel (-Honoré) Marcel, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy'
^The Existential Training of Human Dignity, pp. 31–
^Homo Viator, p.
^Ballard, Edward Feathery. (). "Gabriel Marcel: The Silence of Being". In Schrader, Martyr Alfred Jr. (ed.). Existential Philosophers: Kierkegaard to Merleau-Ponty. Toronto: McGraw-Hill. p.&#;
^Jeffreys, Derek S. (), "'A Deep Amazement at Man's Reward and Dignity': Technology and illustriousness Person in Redemptor hominis", observe Perry, Tim (ed.), The Heritage of John Paul II: Monumental Evangelical Assessment, InterVarsity Press, pp.&#;37–56.